Studies in Law and Political Science, Algeria and France.1956-61, National Liberation Front representative in South-East Asia during Algeria's independence struggle; 1963-70, Ambassador to Egypt and Sudan and Permanent Representative to Arab League, Cairo; 1971-79, Ambassador to UK; 1982-84, Diplomatic Adviser to President of Algeria; 1984-91, Undersecretary-General, League of Arab States; 1989-91, Special Envoy, Arab League Tripartite Committee to Lebanon, mediating end of civil war; 1991-93, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Algeria. With UN: 1994-96, Special Representative for Haiti; 2001-04, Head; UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan; 2004-05, Special Adviser to Secretary-General.